one ,ICMP Concept of agreement
1,ICMP The agreement is TCP/IP A protocol in the network layer of a protocol stack ,ICMP yes (Internet Control Message Protocol)
Internet control message protocol , Used in IP host , Transfer control messages between routers . Control message means that the network is not connected , Whether the host can reach , Whether the route is available or not .
2, ICMP Message is in IP Datagram internally transmitted ,
It is encapsulated in IP In datagram .ICMP Messages are usually IP Layer or higher protocol (TCP or UDP) use . some ICMP Message returns the error message to the user process .
two , common ICMP Message type and code
1, Source point suppression . When a router or host drops a packet due to congestion , The source point suppression message will be sent to the source point , The source knows that the sending rate of packets should be reduced .
2, Time out . When the router receives a datagram with a lifetime of zero , In addition to discarding the datagram , Also send timeout message to the source point . When the destination fails to receive all the datagrams of a datagram within a predetermined time ,
Just discard all the received data packets , And send timeout message to the source point .
3, Parameter problem . When the value of some fields in the header of the datagram received by the router or destination host is incorrect , Drop the datagram , And send parameter problem message to the source point .
4, Change route ( redirect ). The router sends the routing change message to the host , Let the host know that the datagram should be sent to another router next time ( Better routing ).
three ,ICMP The error report message contains the network layer header of the data packet with error （ The source address of the packet containing the error ） And data fields 8 Bytes （ Contains the transport layer protocol and port number ）,
So the router can determine where the wrong packet came from , So I knew that ICMP Who is the error report sent to .
four , use ICMP Troubleshoot network problems
1, If the computer sends a ICMP The request packet has not been received within a period of time ICMP Response packet or ICMP Error report packet of request packet , The request timeout is displayed .
2, use ping Command to determine which link has failed ：
①ping Command plus arguments -i You can specify the TTL, So we can know the first router of the path , Second router IP address .
② use ping Command plus arguments -t successively ping In each link IP Address to determine the link in question .
3,Windows In the operating system tracert command
Is the route tracing utility , Specifically used to determine IP Path through which datagram access destination address , It can help us find out which link in the destination and destination network has failed .tracert The command is ping Command extensions ,
It is also through IP Message lifetime (TTL) Fields and ICMP Error report message to determine the router along the way .
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